Buying a Franchise...Understanding Your Options

So you're considering buying a franchise. Whethernecessary for you to put together a business plan that
you've found a particular franchisor to work with oryou can bring, along with a draft copy of your
you're just drawn to the notion of having a franchise,franchise agreements, to your lender(s) of choice.
looking at all your business ownership options is aYour business plan will include such subjects as your
critical step in your process of due diligence.venture's goals and objectives, your financial
Besides the obvious - product(s), marketplace,projections, the background of management, and a
competition and site selection - there are many othermarket analysis describing your products, services,
considerations that must be weighed in determining thecompetition and projected business life cycle.
right business for you.Fortunately, the direct sales avenue I took requires
Here are some of the initial questions I asked myselfvery little financial commitment. While some business
when I researched business opportunities:owners are able to fund their businesses themselves,
• What are my income objectives?others needing to borrow the initial cash required -
• How quickly can I generate that income?from lending institutions, family or friends - have found
• What initial investment, or start-up capital, willthe small initial investment ($2,000 to $20,000) quite
I have to put up to get my business started?effortless to raise (even when there have been
• How much can I expect to pay in overhead"skeletons"), certainly in comparison to raising franchise
costs?funding in the neighborhood of hundreds of thousands
• How much can I expect to pay in stockingof dollars. Typically, financing in this range will not
inventory?require a business plan.
• How long can I survive financially withoutRisk
seeing a profit?A franchise agreement is a lot like a prenuptial
• What is my financial position; can I getagreement, in that it describes in detail the nature of
financing?the franchisee's relationship with the franchisor -
• How much risk am I assuming by enteringincluding under what circumstances that relationship
into a particular business?can be terminated.
• What are my areas of expertise?However, keep in mind that the franchise agreement is
• Will I be restricted by a particular territory inprimarily designed to protect the franchisor - not you,
which I can do business?the franchisee. And more often than not there is an
• How much personal sacrifice will beuneven balance of power involved - with the weight of
required of me and my family as I build mypower being on the side of the franchisor (not you, the
business…how committed am I?franchisee). In fact, while most franchise agreements
My Objectiveallow the franchisor to easily terminate their relationship
Let's be honest here. Business ownership isn't forwith the franchisee if certain obligations are not met,
everyone. And some are better equipped than othersmost franchise agreements make it very difficult, if not
to deal with the myriad of challenges which willnearly impossible, for a franchisee to terminate the
inevitably arise throughout the life of any business.relationship.
In this article I will focus on one particular segment ofOther risks involved in buying a franchise include the
research I conducted while investigating variouspotential of defaulting on the sizable loan you'll likely
business ownership options; the comparison I madeneed in order get your business off the ground,
between buying a franchise and the particularadditional financial requirements for third-party leases
alternative I ultimately chose - becoming anor sub-leases of property, as well as the simple reality
independent distributor with a direct sales organizationof cash and inventory theft, in some cases by
offering big-ticket information products with high profitemployees.
margins.My direct sales business carries very little risk, if any at
The aim of this article is to share with otherall. My distributor agreement requires that I conduct
prospective franchise buyers my experience with thismyself ethically, professionally and with integrity. No
particular direct sales option as an extremely viableproblem there. It requires that I not misrepresent the
and cost-effective alternative to purchasing acompany or its products. No problem there either. For
franchise.those of us who choose to fund our businesses with
Income Potentialloans, the principal amounts we're talking about
While individual franchisors may make income claims, I(between $2,000 and $20,000) are insubstantial in
have learned there are no known studies that examinecomparison to loans for operating a franchise.
the return on investment in franchising as an industry. ItBecause we operate our businesses from our homes,
is safe to assume the franchisor's income projectionswe needn't enter into third party leases or sub-leases
will be optimistic. Speaking with individual franchiseesof property. And theft is simply not a factor - because
about their individual experiences is critical inwe don't have employees and we don't have physical
establishing realistic projections with which you caninventory!
work and upon which you can depend.Expertise & Professional Assistance
It should be noted that several years ago, franchisorsWhen choosing to buy a franchise, mistakes can be
regularly quoted on the success rate in franchising inespecially costly. As such, professional guidance is
comparison with independent businesses. Quotes ofcritical. Identifying your strengths and weaknesses
these old statistics are rarely now seen due to theirearly in the game will help you determine the specific
flawed nature and the determination they simply wereareas in which professional assistance will be
not valid. In fact, a few years ago the Internationalnecessary and what this assistance will cost.
Franchise Association went as far as making aFor example, what is your business experience and
recommendation that franchisors stop using thosebackground? Do you have experience managing
debatable statistics.people? If so, do you enjoy this aspect of running a
That being said, while no exact figures are known it isbusiness?
generally believed that the annual gross income for aAnd unless you are a CPA, you will absolutely need an
typical franchise is somewhere in the range $75,000 -accountant. Similarly, unless you're already a lawyer,
$125,000 (before taxes).you'll need professional legal advice - preferably from
Although I can't speak to the income potential for thea lawyer specializing in franchise law.
entire direct sales industry, I can speak for the directThe beauty of the direct sales option I selected is that
sales opportunity I selected. At a minimum $1,000it requires no business expertise whatsoever. We
commission per transaction - and as much as $10,000follow a simple business system directed by our
commission per transaction - with minimal business andcompany which, when followed, allows pretty much
overhead expenses, income potential is substantial.anyone with any background to build a successful
Most distributors are qualified and in an income earningbusiness.
position within a couple of months; some in a matter ofEmployees
days. Many individuals, in periods of less than 2 years,Unless you plan to work 120 hours a week juggling the
have experienced income of six figures per month.responsibilities of your franchise, you will need
Many more individuals have quickly (within 1 to 2employees. The type of employees you'll need will, of
months) achieved five figure monthly income levels.course, depend on the franchise. You may need
Initial Investmentemployees with management experience, employees
The average initial franchise investment is $250,000,with specific skills or just high school students getting
not including real estate. Part of that investment is yourminimum wage.
initial franchise fee. As stated in the FTC's AWhatever kind of employee you need, you can count
Consumer Guide to Buying a Franchise, "…youron a few things. First, as dedicated and professional as
initial franchise fee, which may be non-refundable, mayan employee might appear, they will not run the
cost several thousand to several hundred thousandbusiness as if it were their own (so you'll really need to
dollars." Paying this fee generally allows the franchiseekeep a close eye on things!). Second, as I mentioned
to use the franchisor's name and business system forabove under "Risk", whenever there are employees
a specified period of time.there is also theft (sad, but true). Third, whenever there
Conversely, when I started as a distributor with theare employees, there will be employees who call in
direct sales organization I chose, I was only required tosick, employees who simply don't show up when
pay a distributor fee of $99 per year. Paying thisscheduled, and employees who quit (or get fired)
distributor fee gave me the right to act as anunexpectedly. Fourth, whenever there are employees
independent distributor for the company, while being inthere is Workers Compensation insurance.
business for myself. It also provided me withThis is another area in which I came out ahead by
administrative service, training and support for myselecting the direct sales opportunity I chose. No
business.employees. Period.
Serious direct sales distributors (I consider myselfTerritory
among them) for the company I represent choose toMost franchise agreements involve some sort of
invest in their businesses. Initial investments within myterritory designated in which you can operate. Some
direct sales organization, including marketing, advertisingwill have provisions for exclusivity within that territory.
and product ownership, generally run between $2,000On the contrary, the direct sales opportunity I chose
and $20,000. This range is a significantly smallerhas absolutely no designated territory. The entire globe
investment than required in a typical franchise situation.- wherever there are telephones and internet access -
Overhead & Operating Costsis my marketplace. Because the product we offer has
When purchasing a franchise you can expect"mass appeal", and is accessed and distributed via the
significant expense to build your store, or at the veryinternet, this makes for a huge, long-term business
least build out an existing structure.opportunity for distributors like me.
Other considerations with franchises are signage,Personal Sacrifice
furniture, décor and office equipment. If signage isLast, but certainly not least, how much personal time
required it may require special zoning approval by yourand energy are you prepared to invest in your
city government, which can be an additional expense infranchise?
time and money - not to mention a major hassle.Unless you're prepared to hire management staff right
Additional franchise costs to consider are specialfrom the start, your franchise is likely to require many
insurance, operating licenses and royalties fees.hours of your personal time for an extended period of
Royalties fees alone will cost 4-8% of your total salestime. From time to time, it is also likely you will find
every month (regardless, of course, of whether or notyourself covering for employees during unexpected
you're yet seeing a profit in your business). Theseabsences and during times of employee turnover.
expenses can easily add up to tens of thousands, toIt is extremely important to have realistic expectations
hundreds of thousands of dollars depending on theof the personal sacrifice that not only you, but your
franchisor's requirements.family, will have to make in order for your franchise
In the case of the direct sales option I selected, there isbusiness to get up and running - and ultimately reach a
little overhead cost involved and there are no unusualpoint of profitability.
insurance, operating license or royalties feesIt is advisable to plan in advance by arranging an
requirements. I am able to conduct my business fromemergency family support "network" to cover minor
an office in my home (which, of course, I write off onunexpected family emergencies as they arise. Thinking
my taxes) or from anywhere in the world where Iahead about who will transport a child to and from a
have access to the internet, using a dedicated phoneweekend Little League game or from daycare during
and fax line and a personal computer. And I mustthe week will reduce family stress on a day-to-day
repeat - there are no royalties fees.basis. That being said, keep in mind there will be times
Inventorywhen your emergency family support network will be
Stocking inventory for a typical franchise opportunityunavailable to come to your aid.
can, again, cost in the range of tens of thousands toIt was for these very reasons that I chose the
hundreds of thousands of dollars. The cost ofparticular direct sales business I joined. I choose the
warehousing that inventory can range anywhere fromnumber of hours I work per day on a schedule that
a couple dollars per square foot to hundreds of dollarsworks for me. I do this from the comfort of my home,
per square foot, depending on whether your inventorywith no employees to worry about - I have complete
will be located onsite in a high-rent district or offsite inflexibility for my family and I make virtually no personal
an industrial location - and also depending upon yoursacrifices for the sake of my business (except for a
local real estate market.cluttered office!).
Because in my direct sales business I offer anIn Summary
information product, there is no inventory involved.I considered business ownership for many, many
There are no lotions, potions, pills, books, CDs, tapes oryears. But, I like to sleep at night. I realize I haven't
DVDs to inventory - or to ship, for that matter. Thecovered all of the pitfalls that must be considered in
products are offered online and delivered online. Notpurchasing a franchise. But, these are primarily the
only does this make for an extremely convenientones that kept me awake at night, ultimately causing
business, it offers the distributor an extremely highme not to act.
profit margin from which to draw a very attractiveBut, there's good news…What it comes down
commission.to is this: There are alternatives to entering into
How Long Can You Survive Without Profits?encumbering franchise agreements, tying up large
As a franchisee, if we look at the example with ansums of cash, carrying massive debt obligations and
average investment level of $250,000 and ancommitting countless hours of precious time and lost
assumed annual gross income of $75,000 - $125,000sleep in the interest of creating a substantial
(before taxes), your "break even" would happenincome-producing business.
around 3 years. Obviously, in the meantime you wouldWhile there is no "one-size-fits-all" business model, the
need to have enough cash to sustain yourself, yourdirect sales business I selected offers the executive
family and your business.level income opportunity I desired without the worries
Conversely, with the direct sales opportunity I chose, alland uncertainty involved in purchasing a franchise.
you need to do is get past your first two initial salesToday I have what is best suited to me: I am an
and you're making money right away ($1,000 toindependent business owner representing a high
$10,000 per transaction).integrity company offering quality, practical information
Your Financial Position & Getting Financingproducts - with that I can enjoy a fantastic income,
Among the very first considerations to be made whenflexibility and freedom of time, virtually no risk - and
considering a franchise is your own financial position.most importantly, peace of mind.
Dealing with financial "skeletons in the closet" ahead ofI wish you well in finding what is best suited to you.
time can save you a great deal of time, hassle andYour Feedback
disappointment.I hope you found this report useful. I'm very interested
For example, do you know your credit score? Are youin your feedback concerning this report, as well as any
intimately familiar with the specifics of your creditrelated experiences you wish to share. You may
record? How much personal capital do you havecontact me at 978/358-7108 or email me at .
available to invest in your business?Wishing you much success!
Once you've chosen a particular franchise it will be