Galvanization Process - An Introduction

Rust causes corrosive metals to change in color and ifhandling. This completes the hot-dip galvanizing
an object is allowed to rust for a long time, there is aprocess.
gradual deformation in shape. There are many waysHot Dip Galvanizing is done by bonding zinc with steel
to prevent rusting. Hot-dip galvanizing is one suchat a molecular level. This allows the coat to cover the
option which is widely used for industrial purposes.whole surface including scratches, joints and even
Galvanization is a process by which zinc, aholes. Since, this process results in a metallurgical bond
non-corrosive metal, is coated over corrosive metals,between zinc and steel with a series of distinct
such as iron and steel. Because zinc is more reactiveiron-zinc alloys, it covers the steel not only with a layer
than iron or steel, the zinc galvanized coating corrodesof zinc, but three other layers. The first three layers
first, protecting the steel or iron substratum. Hot-dipused are zinc-iron alloys and the fourth is pure zinc.
galvanizing is a form of galvanization. When exposedThe zinc-iron alloy increases the strength of the steel
to the atmosphere, zinc reacts with oxygen to formwhile the final layer of pure steel prevents any form of
zinc oxide. This further reacts with carbon dioxide tocorrosion.
form zinc carbonate, a fairly strong material that stopsThe appearance of the galvanized surface can vary
further corrosion by protecting the steel or iron fromfrom shiny silver to a dull gray finish depending upon
the elements.factors such as the steel composition, degree of
The hot-dip galvanizing process starts by cleaning thewithdrawal from the molten zinc bath and cooling
surface of the steel to prepare it for galvanizing. Then,method employed. The dull gray matte finish provides
the parts are dipped in a flux tank typically containingjust as much protection from corrosion as the shiny
an aqueous solution of zinc ammonium chloride or theyfinish.
are fluxed by passing through a layer of molten zincGalvanized steel is widely used in applications where
ammonium chloride floating on the top of the moltenrust resistance is needed, such as roofing and walling,
zinc.handrails, consumer appliances and automotive body
The corrosive metals are coated with a thin zinc layer,parts. They can be identified by the crystallization
by passing the metal through a molten bath of zinc atpattern on the surface, called spangle. Galvanized
a temperature of around 860 °F (460 °C). Aftersheet-steel is often used in automotive manufacturing
slowly withdrawing the parts from the molten zinc, theto enhance the corrosion performance of exterior
fasteners are spun in a centrifuge while the zinc is stillbody panels. Galvanized iron is used in pipes, sheeting,
liquid to remove excess zinc. The parts are then eitherstakes and wire, among others.
air or water cooled to solidify the zinc and to permit