In English, Doc! How Do Adhesives Work?

us just don’t really care how adhesives work.The Seldom Used Alternatives
They work, and that’s all we need to know.The third and fourth seldom used methods include the
Some of us are what you’d call armchairuse of van der Waals forces, and moisture aided
scientists, and we read technical manuals full ofdiffusion of the adhesive into the surface of… well…
terminology that reads like a foreign language to theokay the third and fourth are kind of difficult to explain
average Joe.in layman’s terms, and they’re not very
Most of us probably fall somewhere in between. Wecommon anyways, so let’s just talk about the
like to know how stuff works, but we don’tfirst two for now.
want to attend a university of science.A Little More on Mechanical Bonding
So, for the curious layman, here’s a generalMechanical adhesion doesn’t strictly happen on
description of how industrial adhesives work:a microscopic scale. Velcro, zippers, pins, staples,
Obviously, an adhesive is a compound that will adhere,safety pins, and buttons are all forms of mechanical
bond, or attach two or more items together (or it hadadhesion. Mechanical refers to the fact that it is simply
better, if they don’t want us switching brands),some physical shape holding the two surfaces
everybody knows that. It’s the science behind ittogether, like a pair of hands clasping tightly.
that not everyone is familiar with. Adhesives work inIn glues and adhesives, the mechanical adhesion
one of four ways. The most common are mechanicalthrough the pores of the surfaces occurs thanks to
and chemical bonding…the drying or curing process. When the glue goes on,
Mechanical bondingit’s in a thin, liquid adhesive form, which still allows
The simpler and more common form of adhesion. Ineither surface to move freely. This liquid form also
mechanical bonding, the bond formed between theallows the adhesive to soak into the pores of the
adhesive and the surface occurs when the adhesivesurface. When it begins to dry and become solid, it
works its way into the small pores of the surface. Itworks, just as Velcro, as just a bunch of hooks holding
acts as if millions of microscopic screws and boltsthe two objects together.
were driven into both surfaces to hold them together.One More Thing About Chemical Adhesion
Chemical bondingChemical adhesion is more complex and only happens
Chemical bonding is when an adhesive actually bondson a microscopic scale. It works by forming a
with the surface on a molecular level. This would becompound between the chemicals of the two
the same thing as what happens when two atoms ofsurfaces. The reason this form isn’t quite as
Hydrogen bond with one atom of Oxygen, hence,popular for epoxy adhesive manufacturers should be
H2O, or water. Certain chemicals are simply attractedobvious. Chemical adhesion happens all the time in
to each other. Hydrogen especially has a tendency tonature, but it’s kind of a difficult thing to engineer
bond with whatever other atoms it happens to findat one’s leisure.
lying around.