RFID and Bar Code: Matching the Technology to the Application

What is the best choice between bar code and RFID?Metal surfaces reflect RF while liquids absorb RF and
This, in many cases, is the million dollar question. Therein both cases will affect the readability of the tag.
are a lot of people interested in RFID for variousWhile there are tag designs to help minimize the
reasons and many early industry articles over-hypedeffects of RFID on a metal surface that design may
RFID with the supposed nickel RFID tag. In addition,not be the best design for another surface, i.e. plastic.
opinions are often slanted towards companies’Cost and longevity are also factors to consider when
primary operations. For example, bar code companiesdeciding on an ID technology. Whether you are dealing
will justify bar code as the best option while RFIDwith bar code or RFID installation is a major cost.
companies will justify the newer technology of RFIDTherefore, although the actual cost of the ID itself is
as a superior solution. The emphasis needs to be onnot significant incurring additional installations costs can
efficiently managing data, not on the actual system todramatically affect the overall ROI for a project.
accomplish this.If either RFID or bar code technologies are acceptable
There are many methods of collecting and managingbased upon environment, read range and surface
data: manual, magnetic stripe, OCR, bar code and, ofconditions, determining ROI is the next logical step.
course, RFID. What is the most practical method ofRemember to take into consideration the infrastructure
collecting data for your operation? Keep in mind that(hardware, middleware, software), ID investment and
the latest emerging technology is not always the bestthe cost of installing the ID. If after weighing the
choice. Perhaps direct parts marking or bar codeinformation RFID is the technology of choice, why not
labeling is more practical and will provide the bestalso consider using bar code? Adding bar code to an
return on investment. Evaluate all practical dataRFID tag is a minimal additional investment that could
collection methods and do not automaticallyreap many benefits. For example, not all locations may
predetermine a data collection method.be able to support the RFID infrastructure required.
Environmental conditions not only determine the IDIn summary here are a few signals that bar code
method, but also factor in to the ID design. Forshould be used as your primary ID technology.
example, will the RFID or bar code label be exposed to1. Small number of assets being tracked at once
heat, UV, abrasion, chemicals or solvents? What kind2. Data collection done on a batch basis
of impact will they have on the performance? We3. Severe environmental conditions (RFID may not be
know that in higher temperatures (>300°F) thepractical – i.e. heat, shock, abrasion, severe chemical
leads break away from the RFID inlay destroying theexposure)
data. The amount of exposure to UV, chemicals, and4. Near field to medium read range is acceptable
solvents usually determine the RFID label design.5. Extreme metal content – isolator not acceptable
Another factor to consider is the expected read range6. Noisy RF environment
for an ID product. Bar code tends to have a closer7. Data collection speed not an issue
read range than RFID, although there are materials thatBy contrast, here are a few signals that RFID should
help extend the read range for bar codes, i.e.be used as your primary ID technology.
retroreflective material. In addition, bar codes need to1. Reading multiple items in a short period of time (case
have a direct line of sight in order to be read wherelot unit, containers, pallets, etc.)
RFID tags don’t. The read range for RFID tags is2. Mild to moderate environments
highly dependent on the inlay used; however, in general3. Little RF noise
terms passive tags are going to have a read range up4. Long or extended read range required
to about 20 ft.; where active tags are going to extend5. Read range is acceptable from metal mount
read range beyond that.surface
The items being tracked are also a key factor inRemember, RFID is not automatically the best choice
determining which technology to use. Is the item metal,when evaluating ID technology. Consider the
plastic, wood, etc.? Manual methods or bar code workenvironment to which the ID will be exposed, read
on nearly any surface condition without affectingrange, and surface conditions to ensure you will
readability; however, RFID reacts to different surfaces.receive the maximum ROI for your specific application.