Web Design and Accessibility

Ensuring your website is accessible isn't as hard as(em) or use absolute size ([ xx-small | x-small | small |
you would imagine. There are a number of steps thatmedium | large | x-large | xx-large ]) or relative size ([
can be taken to make a website accessible.larger | smaller ]) when defining the font size for a
particular element within your web pages.
1. Page organisation. Use headings, lists, and consistent5. Accessible navigation. Build your website so that the
structure. Use CSS for layout and style wherepages can be accessed using only a keyboard.
possible. Use structural semantic markup to aidFeatures such as ACCESSKEY and TABINDEX can
navigation rather than for presentation effect this willmake your pages easier to navigate. Ensure that the
help visitors with specialised software to understandaccesskeys you choose don't clash with keystroke
the organisation of the page and to navigate through it.combinations which have already been reserved by
Reduce information overload by simplifying text and byother applications. Skip links which bypass content and
ensuring a simplified, consistent design throughout thego to main navigation areas can also be helpful.
site.6. Use high contrast colours for text. Use dark text on
2. Use valid code. Make sure HTML code is validatedlight backgrounds. For most people, this increases site
against W3C standards. Not only does valid codereadability. Also, consider that 10% of men are colour
make it easier for assistive technologies such asblind so red/green or blue/yellow combinations can
screen readers to 'understand' your web pages, butpotentially cause a problem.
browsers and browsing technologies tend to prefer it7. Ensure links make sense out of context. Blind people
too!often skip through the links on a web page. This
3. Write meaningful ALT text. Label ALL images withmakes it vital that links make sense out of context.
ALT (alternative) tags; without ALT tags a website'Click here for more information on our latest holiday
might be virtually unusable for a blind visitor. This alsooffers' is a lot more useful to a blind web user than
applies to all multimedia including audio, videos, applets,'Click here' or 'Find out more'.
etc where captioning and transcripts should be8. Make forms accessible. All form fields should have
provided.'prompt' text associated explicitly with them. These are
4. Make text scalable. Partially-sighted people need tocalled label tags. A web user can then click their
be able to resize text. Internet Explorer doesn't allowmouse or pointing device on this prompt text to move
the resizing of text if font-size is set in pixels (px) orthe cursor into that form field.
(pt) instead use relative length units such as percent or