Radio Frequency Welding of Plastics

RF welding is a basic technology, and the basicmonitor and control functions of time, pressure, current
devices necessary to affect such a weld have notand voltage and their profiles.
changed since the inception of the process. Today, asWhen modern material handling systems are used in
in 1942, we need a generator to provide RF, aconjunction with these devices, high speed automatic
transmission line to transfer power, a press to applyproduction systems can be built. Many hundreds of
force and an electrode in the desired geometricsuch systems are in use throughout the U.S. These
pattern to be welded.systems manufacture a wide variety of products for
The terms "Radio Frequency (RF) Welding or Sealing"the automotive, stationary products, and medical
are often used interchangeably with "High Frequencyindustries.
(HF) or dielectric welding or sealing." When matter isThe continuing stream of new RF responsive materials
brought into contact with an electromagnetic field,being brought to the market further impact the industry.
some portion of the electromagnetic field will goIn addition, additives and RF responsive adhesives are
through a change of energy state. As a result, it will becontinually being developed for specialized applications.
converted to heat and dissipated within the contactedIt is now possible to bond materials that in the past
matter. The degree to which this con-version will occur,were considered unsuitable for the RF process. These
or the efficiency of this conversion of energy state ischanges are opening up a new range of products that
dependent on the atomic and molecular structure ofcan now be manufactured by this time proven
the matter, the frequency of the electromagnetic field,technology. This will have a great effect in the medical
and the field potential (Volt-age/cm). The term dielectricindustry, as it tries to eliminate the use of vinyl.
heating correctly describes this phenomenon at anyBoth electron beam and laser welding, when initially
frequency while RF or HF heating describes thediscovered, were thought to be possible replacement
process over the lim-ited frequency range from 1 totechnologies. However, these technologies have been
200 megacycles/sec (megahertz/sec).found to be more applicable for spot or seam welding
The area where most of the technological changesof metals or other rigid materials where welding times
have taken place is in the components from which theare measured in minutes and hours. In RF welded
individual devices are constructed. Solid stateproducts, welding times are measured in seconds or
components have replaced mercury vapor rectifierfractions thereof. Guideline believes the likelihood of
tubes. Digital timers have replaced industrial timers.these becoming competing technologies is very low. In
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) have replacedGuideline's opinion there is nothing on the horizon that
relay logic.will replace RF welding in the next 5 to 10 years. Its
When a PLC is used with linear and optical encodes,place will be as secure as it is today, not only as the
precise control can be achieved over the variouseconomically preferred way to weld certain materials,
functions that determine the specific characteristics ofbut in many cases the only feasible method.
the weld. Using these types of devices it is possible to